The United States should regulate trade with foreign countries Essay Example for Free

The United States should regulate trade with foreign countries Essay Trade across the boarders is very important as; over the years, it has enhanced industrialization in most and improved the balance of payment in those countries. For this foreign trade to occur smoothly across these nations there needs to be regulations which govern the types of services and products to be sold and the conduct of the personnel involved. â€Å"Globalization therefore requires careful steering and improvement on the policy changes (Bhagwati 32). † Despite the regulations in place, foreign trade has a lot of benefits to individual countries and the United States is not an exception. Some of the benefits of foreign trade include: †¢ Specialization Countries are endowed with a variety of resources. This may be in the form of very skilled labor, precious minerals, good climate, and excellent infrastructure among other things. Since countries cannot produce all the goods they need, they will maximize their efforts in producing those goods that are bound to bring in more returns and will import the rest of the commodities that they have not produced. By doing this the country will develop further and will continually improve its balance of payments. Such trade also exposes the consumers to a variety of goods as they have options from different countries to choose from. Specialization is also linked with comparative advantage. Comparative advantage refers to channeling resources to the production of the commodities that will yield more return. Countries will therefore utilize resources in areas where they know they can get more returns. Other than concentrating on particular industries, it is important for countries to produce a variety of products because if they focus on the production of one commodity, when that particular industry is affected, the country will also be affected. â€Å"This may be due to changes in market forces caused by recession or the enactment of new trading policies (Baker A. 8). † The imports and exports of a country and the way they are priced therefore greatly determine how the country will progress especially. †¢ Competition Competition is important for businesses to grow as they are motivated to produce more and better commodities at lower prices. â€Å"Globalization reduces trade barriers thus encouraging the exchange of goods and job creation (January 32). † For competition to be effective it will depend on natural resources, the types of equipment and technology a country has and skilled laborers to produce the products. Combination of these factors definitely increases the specialty of industries. †¢ Economies of scale A country will gain more if it directs its resources to the most efficient industries. This will aid a country to improve it’s economies of scale by producing more output. â€Å"Openness to international trade contributes to economic growth (Boudreaux, 17). † Some companies therefore require a lot of research or a lot of funds and that is why they sometimes their competitive nature will be limited. Sometimes it is difficult to move resources from one industry to another especially when the industries have nothing in common. Knowledge-Intensive Products Between the years 1986-2001, the U. S benefited a lot from exporting manufactured products to other countries. This was because they have experts who designed better advanced products and manufacturing processes. The cost of marketing the products was minimized because they were unique products being brought into the market and people were eager to use them. Moreover, the workforce was well educated and trained. Looking at the benefits of international trade, we see that the United States as well as other countries have gained and that is why these business transactions need to be enhanced. Creating a proper business environment requires the enactment of policies that will ensure that the benefits accrued are maximized and the risks minimized. The U. S needs to regulate foreign trade for a number of reasons. ? Protection of local industries The U. S needs to protect the domestic industries which play a major role in the growth of the economy by creating trade regulations. This is because there is a need of increasing employment in certain industries which importation of products is hindering or being able to control the prices of goods and services. â€Å"When trade is not regulated by putting certain measures that limit the importation of certain commodities, importation will increase because the consumers will demand more foreign goods as opposed to buying the locally manufactured products and this will lead to deficits in the balance of payments (Smick 34). † ? Enhancing trade policies The U. S should regulate foreign trade because through processes like licensing the goods and custom regulations, the country through the customs authority. The customs Authority is in charge of enacting the policies that have been passed by the state on trade by imposing customs duties, trade restrictions and taxes agreed on so that they govern trade between the U. S and other countries. â€Å"The U. S customs service is already doing a good job in helping exporters because they give them information on duty rates, custom regulations and policies as used by the U. S and foreign countries and through its website, it has created an interactive forum where people are more knowledgeable about international trade and processes (Baker C. 111). † In doing so, the customs authority is able to control the goods that are entering the country therefore they make sure that they gain from all goods entering they country as this minimizes the evasion of paying taxes (Stein 71). This also limits the entry of illegal products entering the country for example, illegal drugs that can be harmful to the citizens. ? Proper planning Regulating trade with foreign countries will enable the Federal State to plan its activities better. This will help in the budgeting process so that they can forecast better on the market trend and adjust policies so that the country is not adversely affected by the global marketing changes. â€Å"This will enable them to distribute resources equally and channel resources to the sectors where they know they will generate more income (Mann 75). † This will also make the people in charge of the processes more accountable because in case of any faults, they will be held responsible for the actions they undertook. ? Technological enhancement Regulating trade is important because it enhances the technological innovations and inventions. Some countries can take advantage when there are no regulations in place that inhibit the usage of certain creations and design to create similar or even better commodities thus enhancing the competition in markets which they mostly dominated. The U. S therefore needs to regulate the trade as it helps in building these skills that propel the countries economy to greater heights. ? National Security Regulating foreign trade enhances national security because the state limits the chances of other countries controlling business activities in that country therefore, they can not directly influence the prices of commodities. This is especially related with the government owned businesses which need to be protected from being influenced by foreign companies such that they may decide to engage in business agreements for example partnerships and in case the state business is faced with financial difficulties or other risks, it has a higher risk of being taken over by the foreign company. National security is also enhanced by the use of Intellectual property rights as they enable the business to gain competitive advantage. â€Å"Products that are protected by patents or trade marks mean that they cannot be sold in countries that infringe the trademarks or patents and this helps in enabling fair trade (Hiebert 47). † The U. S should be able to benefit from the many experts it has in various fields. It needs to be in a position where they can minimize foreign governments from contacting them so that they share the secrets. For instance if people who produce military products are contacted by other governments and given better rewards, then they can easily go to those countries and develop war weapons which can be used against the country. That is why it is important to regulate trade with foreign countries. International trade is not possible without the use of foreign currency (Baker C. 20). The country is able to see how their products are priced against other currencies and continually monitors its cash reserves and how it spends its money so that the US dollar is stable. This is helpful especially at this harsh economic period when the country is trying to minimize on importation of commodities so as stabilize the currency. ? Environmental Protection Globalization and advancements in technology have contributed to the emerging issues of environmental pollution and its effects on the people. There is therefore the need to ensure that these cases are minimized and this will happen if the state commits itself to preventing harmful substances which might include chemical products that when used in the industries emit harmful substances into the environment as well as technologies from entering the country (Carlarne 30). The internet has enhanced international trade to the next level by making it easier and faster to make business transactions and trade. However, it is contributing to various cyber crimes where innocent people are exploited in the name of fake businesses in the U. S and people lying. Though there are measurers to make such processes legitimate, for example, creating rules on the use of digital signatures and agreements but still more needs to be done as people are losing a lot of money in such dealings and the people undertaking such trade crimes cannot be tracked. ? Reducing trade conflict When two or more organizations engage in constructive ventures, conflicts are bound to happen. â€Å"If there are no proper mechanisms to address the problems and the issues keep on escalating, then a lot of money which would otherwise be used on important ventures will be used to settle legal claims (Perdikis et al. 1). † The U. S since it deals with many countries in almost every industry; they have a greater chance of facing numerous claims. â€Å"They therefore invest a lot of money in hiring legal advisors and in compensations (Brown, Crowley, Mcclulloch Nakajima 2). † They need to regulate their trade so that the agreements are stricter but which gives them room to minimize the costs, resources, time and energy used in legal issues. There are many international bodies that are governing foreign trade in various aspects for instance, the General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT) which laid the policies that are now used by the World Trade Organization (WTO), plus different trading blocks in various regions and continents. Though they set the rules to be used by all involved countries, they sometimes do not always tackle the problems that are faced by individual countries face that is why the U. S needs to put their own trade policies as well as used those set by such bodies to make sure that their economy is well protected. ? Minimizing corruption There also cases where foreign trade official at the customs are being bribed so that they can allow the entry if certain goods into the country. The U. S government has helped to solve the issue by placing anti-money laundering laws and also corruption laws to prevent foreign government officials from being bribed so that they can either conduct business within the country or lighten their policies so that they can benefit (Braithwaite Drahos 162). â€Å"Such practices sometimes go undetected and finally when they are discovered, they create a bad image for the country (Stiglitz 52). † The state needs to tighten such measures so as to promote fair business practices and healthy competition. Some home based companies are not very keen on the industrial Total Quality Management standards (TQM) in place. Sometimes they overlook regulations so that they can produce more output and this has led to the exportation of substandard products. Trade regulations need to be enforced so that such companies engage in the production of quality products. Conclusion Regulation of foreign trade has enabled the United States to manage risks that are associated with foreign trade as well as curb unethical behavior in this business. More still needs to be done so that they safe guard the local business from being put at risk of being shut down. The regulations should be published in state journals and be accessible through the internet so that companies both local and foreign are aware of the policies in place.The regulations should also be found in the school curriculum ass the students and young professionals will be sensitized at an early age. Works Cited Baker, J. C. Financing International Trade. Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport: Praeger, 2003. Baker, S. A. An Introduction to International Economics. Orlando, Fl: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1990 Bhagwati, J. In Defense of Globalization, New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2004 Braithwaite, J. Drahos, P. Global business regulation, Cambridge University Press, 2000 p. 162 Boudreaux, D. J. Globalization. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc, 2008 Brown, C. P. , Crowley M. A. , Mcclulloch R. Nakajima D. J. â€Å"The U. S. Trade Deficit: Made in China? † Economic Perspectives, 29 (2005): 2 Carlarne, C. â€Å"Form the USA with Love: Sharing Home-Grown Hormones, GMOs, and Clones with Reluctant Europe. † Environmental Law, 37 (2007): 30. Hiebert, T. H. Parallel Importation in U. S. Trademark Law. Greenwood Press, 1994. January, Brendan. Globalize It, Brookfield, CT: Twenty First Century Books, 2003 Mann, C. M. Is the U. S. Trade Deficit Sustainable? Institute for International Economics, 1999. Perdikis, N. , Read, R. International Economics Study Group. The WTO and the regulation of international trade: recent trade disputes between the European Union and the United States, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2005 Smick, D. M. The World Is Curved-Hidden Dangers to the Global Economy, New York, NY: The Penguin Group, 2008 p. 34 Snyder F. G. Regional and global regulation of international trade, Hart Publishing, 2002 Stein, S. â€Å"Trade out of Whack: Making Sense of the Trade Deficit. † Policy Review, 128 (2004):

Resurrection and Rebirth in A Tale of Two Cities Essay -- essays resea

A Tale of Two Cities By Charles Dickens The idea of resurrection and rebirth pervades in this novel. How does Dickens use this theme? Do these themes of resurrection and self sacrifice and the setting of the French Revolution have anything to do with one another? Why is this the time and place of the novel? Brief Historical Background The novel, A Tale of Two Cities, takes place during the onset of the French Revolution, which shook the Western world with its violence and new ideas on freedom and the aristocracy. It was a period of major political and social change in the political history of both France and Europe during which the French governmental structure took on the Enlightenment’s ideals democracy, citizenship, and inalienable rights. These changes were accompanied by violent turmoil, which horrified most of the world, including mass executions and repression during what we now know as the Reign of Terror, and warfare involving every other major European power, particularly England. The French Revolution is considered to have begun around 1789 and ended around 1799. However, the repercussions of such a change carried over in France for the next 75 years. During that time, France experienced much political turmoil, experiencing different forms of governance including a republic, a dictatorship, a constitutional monarchy and an empire. Brief Author Background and Development of Novel Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth, England in 1812. He grew up in a poor family as one of eight children. His troublesome childhood proved to be the inspiration behind such stories as Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, and David Copperfield. Dickens’s writing is characterized by social criticism of the times and is often sympathe... ...ich, although on a superficial level, is nothing like the plight of France. However, with a deeper reading, the two are remarkably similar. Carton was a man plagued by feelings of worthlessness and inadequacy. His feelings were momentarily allayed when he fell in love with Lucie Manette, as she made him feel that his life wasn’t entirely worthless. This was the beginning of Carton’s personal journey to make his life something he valued. His previously stoic and pessimistic character was showed in a more human light, and his character continued to make progress in revealing the true nature of Carton. His journey ended with his sacrifice of his life for the lives of the couple, and it affirmed his worth has a person, while reassuring him of the value of his life and deed, comparing what he did greater and more superior than anything that he has ever known in his life. Resurrection and Rebirth in A Tale of Two Cities Essay -- essays resea A Tale of Two Cities By Charles Dickens The idea of resurrection and rebirth pervades in this novel. How does Dickens use this theme? Do these themes of resurrection and self sacrifice and the setting of the French Revolution have anything to do with one another? Why is this the time and place of the novel? Brief Historical Background The novel, A Tale of Two Cities, takes place during the onset of the French Revolution, which shook the Western world with its violence and new ideas on freedom and the aristocracy. It was a period of major political and social change in the political history of both France and Europe during which the French governmental structure took on the Enlightenment’s ideals democracy, citizenship, and inalienable rights. These changes were accompanied by violent turmoil, which horrified most of the world, including mass executions and repression during what we now know as the Reign of Terror, and warfare involving every other major European power, particularly England. The French Revolution is considered to have begun around 1789 and ended around 1799. However, the repercussions of such a change carried over in France for the next 75 years. During that time, France experienced much political turmoil, experiencing different forms of governance including a republic, a dictatorship, a constitutional monarchy and an empire. Brief Author Background and Development of Novel Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth, England in 1812. He grew up in a poor family as one of eight children. His troublesome childhood proved to be the inspiration behind such stories as Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, and David Copperfield. Dickens’s writing is characterized by social criticism of the times and is often sympathe... ...ich, although on a superficial level, is nothing like the plight of France. However, with a deeper reading, the two are remarkably similar. Carton was a man plagued by feelings of worthlessness and inadequacy. His feelings were momentarily allayed when he fell in love with Lucie Manette, as she made him feel that his life wasn’t entirely worthless. This was the beginning of Carton’s personal journey to make his life something he valued. His previously stoic and pessimistic character was showed in a more human light, and his character continued to make progress in revealing the true nature of Carton. His journey ended with his sacrifice of his life for the lives of the couple, and it affirmed his worth has a person, while reassuring him of the value of his life and deed, comparing what he did greater and more superior than anything that he has ever known in his life.

Disaster response and recovery

The terrorists attacks are most of the time unpredicted and a country even its utmost security may become vulnerable to terrorists attack. It’s as international problem which now and then is occurring in different parts of the world. The terrorist attacks such as 9/11 terrorists attack, Mumbai, India , Hotel Taj and Hotel Oberai terrorists attack, London terrorists bombing are few examples of this centuries terror attacks around the world. Terrorism is considered to be asymmetric form of warfare and is unlawful.It targets only on destruction and harm innocent people who are important resource of the nation. If I was the disaster coordinator of the city, as soon as I get the clues of the terror attacks I would have just tightened the security near the border of the country and call for emergency. I would cancel all the flights entering and leaving the country. The next thing which I would have done is publishing the news in the media and the media would alert the people as they can take care of themselves. The media would alert people about the places of vulnerability and the suspected time of attacks.Incident command system will be notified to prepare well for the attacks. These are the immediate steps which I would have taken. Later I would have looked into the list of vulnerable areas which is populated more. Most of the terror attacks happen in the places where there is maximum human intervention so as to kill many people as possible and take revenge against the country. I would provide accessibility to shortcut routes so as to reduce the vehicle traffic congestion and avoid people pass through the vulnerable areas of attacks.They will be made to reach their destinations as soon as possible before the disaster occurs. The transport of goods will be stopped as it will be the path for the terrorists to move their goods from place to place. All social gathering of people will of people will be stopped. All the offices and the schools and colleges will be declared holiday. People in the top floors of the building are evacuated. All the people who found to be suspicious are checked for their identity, country they belong, ethnicity and their back ground.Security would be ensured near the coastal areas and security checking all the ships coming in and leaving and the checking all the goods that are transported. The oil refineries, electricity power stations and nuclear power plants are given security alerts. These when bombed or destroyed cause huge loss and may result the city as the one which had happened in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. The city’s important monuments are safeguarded with tight security. It was daytime when Hiroshima and Nagasaki was bombed. People were preparing for offices and work. All the electrical appliances were on.It was a busy day in Hiroshima and Nagasaki and finally bombings rendered many places infertile and many people got health problems as they got expose to the harmful radiations of the bombi ng. I would ask people stop using electricity and switch off their appliances. Important people are provided with security as the terrorist may use them as hostages. I would ask media to act effectively and update people with the information of attacks and about the places which are vulnerable. I will ask them to avoid giving false information to make their news more interesting.I would make telephony and internet facilities such and intranet and ad other web based tools available for free at the moment to keep people in touch with their loved ones who are out station by calling or messaging them. Internet is one of the most reliable ways of communication in the times of disaster to mail their loved one and finding people who are missing. People will be asked to follow the instructions given by the Emergency team and Incident command system. The Red Cross people are advised to assemble the emergency kits.I would alert all the hospitals and mental health care concerns to prepare for the disaster to help people who become victims of the attacks. Health care units are informed to provide the medical facilities such as first aid, medicine and other voluntary organizations are encouraged to provide support. Rehabilitation centers are created and so the people can seek shelter. The targets of the terrorists and the potential vulnerable areas influence and affect the city’s emergency plan. It makes emergency planning team think of most vulnerable areas first.They will set priority of the vulnerable places as primary and secondary. It will make their work easier and provide full security to the places of primary concern. The Incident command system may sometimes do not operate efficiently. I think it has review the ways it operates and add most efficient ways to their current system of operation. It should plan efficiently such that their plans are turned into actions and will not remain just words. It should have better communication between its organizational parts. Its commands should be strictly followed by its organizational parts.The plan should be made on time and it should not be executed after the incident but on time. It should communicate with the people effectively and just not make people get afraid by telling consequences of the attack. But they should make feel safe and avoid false promises. The medical and health care units should be dedicated in their work and provide selfless service. There should be no discrimination on the basis race, age, ethnicity, sex and all people should be treated equally. All they can do is to They target terrorism, curb it, defeat it and make their country a peaceful place to live in.

Finding Of Fact # 2 By Ignoring Howards Performance Issues

Finding of Fact #2: By ignoring Howard’s performance issues, it is creating job dissatisfaction for several engineers and surveyors. Employees are disgruntled because they resent how much Howard makes, the quality of his work, his tardiness and napping during the workday, and they do not trust the quality of Howard’s work. On a larger scale, this has created norms and assumptions that have influenced the organization’s effectiveness. Recommendation #2: When the organization ignored Howard’s behavior and allowed it to intensify over the course of 18 years, it affected other employees and their motivational levels. His supervisor, Frank Silverton, gave up trying to get him to work on time, and he settled for getting some good work done. By doing this, it created stress and job dissatisfaction for Dan and Mel, and Vince is displaying signs of Howard’s negative behaviors. Vince is young and right out of high school, so he is learning this behavior is acceptable. Dan and Mel jumped at the opportunity to work on other projects, so they could avoid working with Howard. Dan transferred to work for the manufacturing department, so he did not have to work with Howard in engineering. In addition, Mel has soured on the company over their lack of response to Howard’s incompetent behavior, and he thinks it was wrong that they moved the surveyors out of the plant. Once the pipeline project was over, Mel dreaded working with Howard again. Over time, this has created norms andShow MoreRelatedIncome Taxation Solutions Manual 1 300300 Words   |  1202 PagesCOMPREHENSIVE CASE ONE Seacourt Restaurants All of the issues in this case have been examined in depth in problems and cases of previous chapters and therefore the following solution briefly refers to the main issues of each segment. Where applicable, tax rates are assumed to be: Individual Corporation - dividends (eligible) - dividends (ineligible) - other income - SBD income - ABI over $500,000 - investment income 28% 33% 45% 15% 25% 44 2/3% (38 + 6 2/3) Incorporation of Proprietorship The primaryRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages(electronic) 1. History, Modern—20th century. 2. Twentieth century. 3. Social history—20th century. 4. World politics—20th century. I. Adas, Michael, 1943– II. American Historical Association. D421.E77 2010 909.82—dc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992 Printed in the United States of America 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 C ONTENTS Introduction